![]() ![]() In Genesis 43:27-28, Joseph, still unrecognized by his brothers, is asking about their health and his father’s health. This meaning of wholeness carries over into the word Shalom. But with an overall sense of fulness and completeness in mind, body and estate. Not just regarding practical restoration of things that were lost or stolen. The ancient Hebrew meaning of shalam was “to make something whole”. In the translation of Exodus 21-22, shalam is translated as “make it good”, “shall surely pay”, “make full restitution” or to “restore”. The one responsible was to make things right. When that loss or injury occurs, the owner is considered lacking or not complete. Moses is giving instructions to the people about what to do when someone causes material loss or in the case of theft of property. In these 2 chapters, it is used 14 times. One of the first uses of the word shalam in the Torah is in Exodus 21 and 22. In modern Egyptian and (to a lesser extent) Levantine Arabic, it is used as an honorific closer to "Sir" than "Lord," especially by older people.The root word of Shalom is “shalam”. The sons of a Pasha were styled Pashazada or Pasha-zade, which means just that. Although the word serves as a non-hereditary title, English speakers have commonly used the word pasha as if it formed part of a personal name, as for instance in Ibrahim Pasha or Emin Pasha, similar to the practice of referring to a British Peer as Lord X, since in both cases it substitutes for a more precise rank title. In usage, the title followed the given name. ![]() They also frequently gave it to foreigners in the service of the Ottoman Empire or of the Egyptian Khedivate (later Sultanate, and Kingdom in turn), e.g. Ottoman and Egyptian authorities conferred the title upon both Muslims and Christians without distinction. The word pashalik designated any province or other jurisdiction of a Pasha. Both Beylerbeys (governors-general) and valis/wālis (the most common type of Governor) were entitled to the style of Pasha (typically with two tails). If a Pasha governed a provincial territory, it could be called a pashaluk after his military title, besides the administrative term for the type of jurisdiction, e.g. Istanbul's Shaikh ul-Islam, the highest Muslim clergyman, of cabinet rank.The Kizlar Agha (chief black eunuch, the highest officer in the Topkapı Palace three tails, as commander of the baltacı corps of the halberdiers in the imperial army.Ferik (army Lieutenant-general or navy Vice-admiral).The Vizier-i-Azam (Grand Vizier, the prime minister, but also often taking the field as Generalissimo instead of the Sultan).The following military ranks entitled the holder to the style Pasha (lower ranks were styled Bey or merely Effendi): Only the Sultan himself was entitled to four tails, as sovereign commander in chief. Three grades of Pasha existed, distinguished by the number of yak- or horse-tails (three, two and one respectively a symbol of Turco-Mongol tradition) or peacock tails, which the bearers were entitled to display on their standard as a symbol of military authority when on campaign. Pashas ranked above Beys and Aghas, but below Khedives and Viziers. It was also part of the official style of the Kaptan Pasha (Great Admiral of the entire Ottoman fleet).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |